Barra, I., Borowska, A. and Koopman, S.J. (2018). Bayesian dynamic modeling of high-frequency integer price changes Journal of Financial Econometrics, 16(3):384--424.

We investigate high-frequency volatility models for analyzing intradaily tick by tick stock price changes using Bayesian estimation procedures. Our key interest is the extraction of intradaily volatility patterns from high-frequency integer price changes. We account for the discrete nature of the data via two different approaches: ordered probit models and discrete distributions. We allow for stochastic volatility by modeling the variance as a stochastic function of time, with intraday periodic patterns. We consider distributions with heavy tails to address occurrences of jumps in tick by tick discrete prices changes. In particular, we introduce a dynamic version of the negative binomial difference model with stochastic volatility. For each model, we develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation method that takes advantage of auxiliary mixture representations to facilitate the numerical implementation. This new modeling framework is illustrated by means of tick by tick data for two stocks from the NYSE and for different periods. Different models are compared with each other based on the predictive likelihoods. We find evidence in favor of our preferred dynamic negative binomial difference model.