Espinosa, R. and Stoop, J. (2021). Do people really want to be informed? Ex-ante evaluations of information-campaign effectiveness Experimental Economics, 24(4):1131--1155.

We develop a method to assess population knowledge about any given topic. We define, and rationalize, types of beliefs that form the {\textquoteleft}knowledge spectrum{\textquoteright}. Using a sample of over 7000 UK residents, we estimate these beliefs with respect to three topics: an animal-based diet, alcohol consumption and immigration. We construct an information-campaign effectiveness index (ICEI) that predicts the success of an information campaign. Information resistance is greatest for animal-based diets, and the ICEI is highest for immigration. We test the predictive power of our ICEI by simulating information campaigns, which produces supportive evidence. Our method can be used by any government or company that wants to explore the success of an information campaign.